Arts and Crafts was an international design philosophy that originated in England[1] and flourished between 1860 and 1910 (especially the second half of that period), continuing its influence until the 1930s.[2] Instigated by the artist and writer William Morris (1834–1896) during the 1860s[1] and inspired by the writings of John Ruskin (1819–1900), it had its earliest and most complete development in the British Isles[2] but spread to Europe and North America.[3] It was largely a reaction against the impoverished state of the decorative arts and the conditions by which they were produced.[4]
The philosophy was an advocacy of traditional craftsmanship using simple forms and often medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration. It also included advocacy of economic and social reform and has been considered as essentially anti-industrial
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